Title: Co$ & Totalitarianism----Footnotes & Source List 4/4
Author: Anonymous <nobody@replay.com>
Date: Sat, 24 Jul 1999 04:35:26 +0200 (CEST)

1.Metro Santa Cruz, February 1998.
2.Arendt, Hannah, Origins of Totalitarianism, (1976).
3.L. Ron Hubbard is the founder of Scientology.
4.Information on Hubbard's life comes from Jon Atack's A Piece of Blue
Sky, Bent Corydon's Messiah or Madman? and Russell Miller's
Bare-FacedMessiah.
5.Atack, A Piece of Blue Sky, Corydon, Messiah or Madman?, Miller,
Bare-Faced Messiah.
6.Lane, Ann, Hannah Arendt, Class Lecture, 21 January 1999.
8.Heinrich Himmler, a prominent member of the Nazi party, was
responsible for the organization of the SS-men, who compromised an
elite formation of Nazi stormtroopers.
9.Arendt, Hannah, Origins of Totalitarianism, p. 316.
10.Hubbard, L. Ron, Scientology 8-8008, 1953.
11.Cecil Rhodes was a British statesman and imperialist responsible
for gaining considerable British territory in the late nineteenth
century.
12.Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism, p. 316.
13.Hubbard, L. Ron, Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health,
1950, p. 400.
14.Miller, Russell, Bare-Faced Messiah, p. 183.
15.Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism, p. 323.
16.Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism, p. 326.
17.Ibid., p. 326.
18.Hubbard, L. Ron, What is Scientology?, 1963.
19.Hubbard, Dianetics, p. 407.
20.Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism, p. 332.
21.The History of Man was originally published in 1952 under the title
What to Audit. Since then, it has been continually used and sold by
Scientologists.
22.Hubbard, L. Ron, The History of Man, p. 3.
23.For example, the mollusk (one of Hubbard's key evolutionary stages)
had trouble catching air while rolling in the surf for half a million
years, pumping sea water out of its shell as it breathed. Hubbard
called this mollusk the "Weeper" or the "Boohoo." Weepers had the
anxiety caused by trying to gulp air before being swamped by the next
wave. 'The inability of a pre-clear [amateur Scientologist] to cry,'
Hubbard explained, 'is partly a hang-up in the Weeper. He is about to
be hit by a wave, has his eyes full of sand or is frightened about
opening his shell because he may be hit.'
24.Hubbard maintained that many stigmas also come from the clam stage.
The clam's big problem was that there was a conflict between the hinge
that wanted to open and the hinge that wanted to close. It was easy to
restimulate the engram [unconscious memory or feeling] caused by the
defeat of the weaker hinge, Hubbard pronounced, by asking a pre-clear
to imagine a clam on a beach opening and closing its shell very
rapidly and at the same time making an opening and closing motion with
thumb and forefinger. This gesture, he said, would upset large numbers
of people. 'By the way,' he warned, 'your discussion of these
incidents with the uninitiated in Scientology can cause havoc. Should
you describe the "clam" to some one [sic], you may restimulate it in
him to the extent of causing severe jaw pain. Once such victim, after
hearing about a clam death, could not use his jaws for three days.'
25.Hubbard, The History of Man, p. 97.
26.Unfortunately for Hubbard, just twelve months after The History of
Man was published, the supposed fossil remains of primitive man found
in Piltdown
Common in southern England were exposed as a hoax. The Piltdown Man
had never existed.
27.Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism, p. 333.
28.Hubbard, Dianetics, p. 407.
29.Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism, p. 333.
30.Information on David Miscavige comes from Jon Atack's A Piece of
Blue Sky and Russell Miller's Bare-Faced Messiah.
31.Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism, p. 362.
32.Engram: "A moment of greater or lesser 'unconsciousness' on the
part of the analytic mind which permits the reactive mind to record
the content of the moment." Basically, an engram is a painful past
experience stored by the unconscious mind in times of stress. It is
defined by Dorland's Medical Dictionary as "lasting mark or trace."
(Corydon, Messiah or Madman?, p. 396, Miller, Bare-Faced Messiah, p.
151).
33.Aberration, as defined by Hubbard, was a constraint imposed on the
brain by physical or emotional harm. (Miller, p. 154).
34.The idea of past, submerged memories containing an emotional
electronic "charge" that can possibly be contacted and released.
Retaining charge can affect the subject adversely.
35.The object of Dianetics is to clear the reactive (bad) mind, so
that the analytic (good) mind could function, like the optimum
computer, at full efficiency. Consequentially, the individual's IQ
would rise dramatically, he would be freed of all psychological and
psychosomatic illnesses and his memory would improve to the point of
total recall. (Miller, p. 154).
36.Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism, p. 348.
37.Hubbard, Dianetics Lecture Series, 1978, Engram Chain Running,
1963.
38.Hubbard, Engram Chain Running. Arendt notes that the official
handbook for the Hitler Youth program emphasized that Nazi ideology is
"clear, simple,
and
definite, so that every comrade can understand and cooperate in their
solution." (Origins of Totalitarianism, p. 348).
39.Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism, p. 374.
40.Ibid., p. 375.
41.Ibid., p. 375.
42.Information on the CMO comes from Russell Miller's Bare-Faced
Messiah.
43.Time and space unfortunately do not permit me to examine this
aspect of Scientology further. However, the girl messengers' obedience
to Hubbard strongly suggests the keeping a dominant gender order, at
least within the Sea Org. There is also a voyeuristic and arguably
sexual element to the girls' roles in relation toward Hubbard.
44.Punishments for mistakes included having to jump overboard off the
huge boat, wear a gray rag tied around the arm, or simply be screamed
at by another Scientologist. Later in my thesis, I will discuss a more
severe form of punishment, the RPF.
45.Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism, p. 374.
46.Ibid., p. 324.
47.The author wishes to remain anonymous, Operation Clambake,
available from http://home.kvalito.no/~xenu/disk/NOTs/gb1.htm.
48.Pignotti, Monica, My Nine Lives in Scientology, p. 174.
49.Arendt, Eichmann in Jerusalem, p. 92. Adolf Eichmann was a
prominent German Nazi war criminal and leader who headed the Jewish
extermination campaign.
50.The Scientology and Dianetics Glossary is available at
http://www.scientology.org/gloss.htm.
51.For example, "auditor" is defined as: "a person trained and
qualified in applying Dianetics and/or Scientology processes and
procedures to individuals for their betterment; called an auditor
because auditor means one who listens." (Scientology and Dianetics
Glossary)
52."ARC: a word made from the initial letters of Affinity, Reality and
Communication, which together equate to Understanding. It is
pronounced by stating its letters, A-R-C. To Scientologists it has
come to mean good feeling, love or friendliness, such as, 'He was in
ARC with his friend.' One does not, however, fall out of ARC; he has
an ARC break." (Scientology and Dianetics Glossary)
53.Merriam Webster Dictionary, 1994.
54.Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism, p. 388.
55.From The Scientology and Dianetics Glossary: "space opera: of or
relating to time periods on the whole track millions of years ago
which concerned activities in this and other galaxies. Space opera has
space travel, spaceships, spacemen, intergalactic travel, wars,
conflicts, other beings, civilizations and societies, and other
planets and galaxies. It is not fiction and concerns actual incidents
and things that occurred during a person's existence in this
universe."
56.Atack, Jon, A Piece of Blue Sky, p. 31-32. Hubbard's original
document, called OT(Operating Thetan)3, can be seen at
http://home.sol.no/~spirous/CoS/secret.html.
57.The Scientology and Dianetics Glossary. The following definitions
also come from this glossary.
58."circuit: a part of an individual's bank that behaves as though it
were someone or something separate from him and that either talks to
him or goes into action of its own accord, and may even, if severe
enough, take control of him while it operates."
59."erase: to cause an engram to 'vanish' entirely by recounting, at
which time it is filed as memory and experience and ceases to be part
of the reactive mind."
60."processing: the application of Dianetics or Scientology processes
to someone by a trained auditor. The exact definition of processing
is: The action of asking a preclear a question (which he can
understand and answer), getting an answer to that question and
acknowledging him for that answer."
61."terminal: anything used in a communication system; anything that
can receive, relay or send a communication; a man would be a terminal,
but a post (position, job or duty to which a person is assigned) would
also be a terminal; also, things with mass and meaning."
62."aberration: a departure from rational thought or behavior. From
the Latin, aberrare, to wander from; Latin, ab, away, errare, to
wander. It means basically to err, to make mistakes, or more
specifically to have fixed ideas which are not true. The word is also
used in its scientific sense. It means departure from a straight line.
If a line should go from A to B, then if it is aberrated it would go
from A to some other point, to some other point, to some other point,
to some other point, to some other point, and finally arrive at B.
Aberrated conduct would be wrong conduct, or conduct not supported by
reason."
63.This is not to say that Scientologists do not want to spread and
share their language. Quite the opposite- they are very adamant about
making
Scientology terms available to the public and work diligently to do
so.
64.Arendt, Eichmann in Jerusalem, p. 48.
65.Ibid., p. 48.
66."sdraper". 20 Jan. 1999. On-line posting. Newsgroup
alt.religion.scientology.
67.Arendt, Eichmann in Jerusalem, p. 49.
68.Ibid., p. 49.
69.Ibid., p. 53.
70."Chaos merchants" is L. Ron Hubbard's word for evil people with
intent to destroy Scientology.
71.The Scientology and Dianetics Glossary. "Suppressive actions are
high crimes and result in dismissal from Scientology and its
organizations."
72.Arendt, Eichmann in Jerusalem, p. 49.
73.Ibid., p. 85.
74.Hubbard, L. Ron, Lecture, 16 January 1968. Non-Scientologists are
also called "Wogs," which Hubbard adapted from a British racial slur
to describe Arabs and Asians. It is a demeaning term, standing for
"Worthy Oriental Gentleman." In Scientology it is used to describe the
Human race. (Messiah or Madman, p. 402).
75.Hubbard, L. Ron, Lecture, 23 August 1971. (Messiah or Madman?, p.
325.)
76.The Scientology and Dianetics Glossary: "overt act: an act of
omission or commission which does the least good for the least number
of dynamics or the most harm to the greatest number of dynamics." In
Scientology-speak, "dynamics" are motivations for survival. An overt
act is thus an act against life.
77.Ibid., "withhold: an unspoken, unannounced transgression against a
moral code by which the person was bound. Something the preclear did
that he or she is not talking about. A withhold is always the
manifestation which comes after an overt. Any withhold comes after an
overt."
78.Wallis, Roy, The Road to Total Freedom, p. 116. The same phrase
also appears in Hubbard's E-Meter Essentials, 1961.
79.Miller, Bare-Faced Messiah, p. 203.
80.A "preclear" is an individual who has not yet achieved the state of
"clear," a state in Scientology which Hubbard said enabled man to
become totally free from the contents of his reactive mind. Preclears
are amateur Scientologists who must engage in the auditing process in
order to work their way up "the bridge"; that is, "The Bridge to Total
Freedom" which Scientology claims to have mapped out with scientific
certainty.
81.Hubbard, E-Meter Essentials, 1961. Available at
http://e-meter.org.uk/page06.htm
82.Atack, A Piece of Blue Sky, p. 128. An E-meter currently costs
about $3500. This figure was confirmed by my recent encounter with
Scientologists on 24 April 1999.
83.Malko, George, Scientology- The Now Religion, p. 63.
84.Penny, Wakefield, Social Control in Scientology: The Road to Xemu,
p. 106.
85.Corydon, Messiah or Madman?, p. 152.
86.Hubbard, E-meter Essentials, p. 35.
87.Ibid., p. 36. It was mainly Scientologists who stressed the
accuracy of the E-meter as a scientific measure of "mental energy."
Numerous independent (i.e. non-Scientology initiated) studies have
concluded that the E-meter is an extremely poor diagnostic tool.
Scott, Perry, A Study of E-meter Frequency Response,
http://www.ezlink.com/~perry/CoS/freq_resp.html.
88.Lane, Ann, Hannah Arendt, Class Lecture, 28 January 1999.
89.Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism, p. 346.
90.Ibid., p. 345.
91.Miller, Bare-Faced Messiah, p. 153. Dianetics first appeared in the
May 1950 issue of Astounding Science Fiction.
92.Ibid., p. 153.
93.Ibid., p. 57. Hubbard claimed to have a degree in both civil
engineering and nuclear physics. These were outright lies. He dropped
out of college after two years upon receiving very poor grades and
failed the only class he ever took in molecular and atomic physics.
94.Hubbard, Dianetics: A Modern Science of Mental Health, 1950, p.
420, 424. Hubbard's linear maps of the human mind were included in the
1950 release of Dianetics. Interestingly, the maps were removed in
later editions of the book, most likely due to increasing criticism of
his "science of the mind" and allegations of hoax. Hubbard was
well-known for constantly changing his theories of "scientific
certainty."
95.Ibid., p. 421. An example of Hubbard's writing: "When exterior
determinism enters into the human being so as to overbalance his self
determinism the correctness of his solutions fall off rapidly."
96.Miller, Bare-Faced Messiah, p. 201.
97.Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism, p. 383.
98.Ibid., p. 384.
99.Miller, Bare-Faced Messiah, p. 202. Hubbard erroneously believed
the word "scientology" to be his own invention. Actually, Alan Upward
coined the word in 1907, using it to characterize and ridicule
pseudoscientific theories. In 1934, A. Nordenholz, a German advocate
of Aryan racial theory, had also used the word in an obscure
philosophical work. (Atack, A Piece of Blue Sky, p. 128)
100.Malko, Scientology- The Now Religion, p. 61.
101.Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism, p. 468.
102.Ibid., p. 468.
103.Ibid., p. 471.
104.Miller, Bare-Faced Messiah, p. 243. Many of the question reflected
Hubbard's morbid preoccupation with sexual deviation ("Have you ever
had sex with a member of your family?) and a wide range of crimes were
also probed ("Have you ever had anything to do with a baby farm?" and
"Have you ever done any elicit diamond buying?")
105.Corydon, Messiah or Madman?, p. 433.
106.Atack, A Piece of Blue Sky, p. 151. Burroughs, William, Naked
Scientology, p. 85. When Burroughs had a "reading" on this question,
he explained it saying "He's so beautiful, he dazzles me. I can't help
resenting it sometimes.." Apparently this was enough to clear the
meter and move onto the next question.
107.Touretzky, David, Secrets of Scientology- the E-meter,
http://www.cs.cmu/edu/~dst/Secrets/E-meter. The cost of "Integrity
Processing" currently ranges from $250 to $500 per hour.
108.There is justification for this suspicion, as thousands have left
the movement, including many who are now leaders in the fight against
Scientology.
109.As defined by Merriam Webster Dictionary, 1994.
110.Hubbard, E-Meter Essentials, 1961.
111.Atack, A Piece of Blue Sky, p. 308.
112.Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism, p. 352.
113.Hubbard, Scientology- A New Slant on Life, p. 76.
114.Corydon, Messiah or Madman?, p, 438. Once "clear," the
Scientologist is ready for the advanced OT levels. OT3, which I
mentioned earlier, is where the member finds out about Xemu.
115.Atack, The Total Freedom Trap, p. 14-15. Hubbard's elaborate
therapeutic "Bridge" begins with the Communication Course Training
Routine, or "TRs." Supposed to enhance the ability to communicate, the
TRs have been called "the most overt form of hypnosis used by any
destructive cult."
116.Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism, p. 392.
117.Miller, Bare-Faced Messiah, p. 263. Sea Org members also live on
land as well. Their visual trademark is the navy sailor suit they
wear.
118.Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism, p. 411.
119.Corydon, Messiah or Madman?, p. 354.
120.http://keshet.bluesky.org/bulgrav.htm.
121.Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism, p. 415.
122.Ibid., p. 367.
123.Atack, A Piece of Blue Sky, p. 376.
124.Ibid., p. 376.
125.Hubbard Communications Office Bulletin, 29 January 1980. (Ibid.,
p. 261).
126.Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism, p. 351.
127.Ibid., p. 360.
128.Ibid., p. 424.
129.Atack, A Piece of Blue Sky, p. 262. According to Hubbard,
psychiatrists "were on their way to turning every baby into a future
robot for the manipulation of the state and every society into a
madhouse of crime and immorality." Scientology movies portray
psychiatrists as crazy men, laughing sadistically as they stab mice
with needles. Scientologists are told that psychiatrists frequently
use electroshock therapy and lobotomies on their patients. (Voytinsky,
Michael, Among the Clams-An Afternoon with Scientologists, 1997,
available from http://www.xenu.net.)
130.Ibid., p. 34.
131.Many people have remarked that the language of psychology is a
profoundly powerful and dominant way of understanding in late
twentieth century America. Although a discussion of this topic is
beyond the theme of this thesis, it is interesting to note that
Hubbard may have been quite aware of the epistemological forces he was
up against. At the same time, Scientology presents itself as a
self-help group, which is a significant part of the psychotherapy
culture that Hubbard claimed to despise.
132.Hubbard, The People, 20 March 1966. (Atack, A Piece of Blue Sky,
p. 161). Scientology also induces a phobic reaction toward mental
health practitioners, so members are usually unwilling to seek
professional help in untangling themselves from the cult.
133.Lane, Ann, Hannah Arendt, Class Lecture, 26 January 1999.
134.Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism, p. 425.
135.Ibid., p. 306.
136.Ibid., p. 409.
137.Miller, Bare-Faced Messiah, p. 243.
138.Atack, A Piece of Blue Sky, p. 35, 146.
139.Atack, The Total Freedom Trap, p. 15. Hubbard was supposedly hard
at work on the newer OT levels before he died, so the Church of
Scientology can continue releasing the new levels at its discretion.
OT (Operating Thetan) 8 is the currently the latest level in the
Scientology grade chart. Although OT8 is highly guarded, information
has leaked: Among other things, OT8 asserts that Hubbard created all
the living beings in the universe.
140.Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism, p. 326.
141.Ibid., p. 326.
142.Ibid., p. 463.
143.Hubbard, Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health, p. 404.
144.Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism, p. 464.
145.Miller, Bare-Faced Messiah, p. 251. The strict "Ethics" system is
accounted for by adding up points to measure the production level of
each Scientologist. The "stats" are then graphed according to point
value. Staff members are assigned an "Ethics Condition" every week in
accordance with their stats. A slight upward trend on the graph is
called Normal, while a level graph, or a slight downward one, is
termed Emergency. For each Ethics Condition, there is a "Formula" to
be applied, which is supposed to get the individual's stats to rise.
(Atack, A Piece of Blue Sky, p. 172.).
146.Ibid., p. 252.
147.Ibid., p. 252.
148.Hubbard Communications Office Bulletin, "Penalties for Lower
Conditions," 18 October 1967. (Atack, A Piece of Blue Sky, p. 175).
149.Atack, The Total Freedom Trap, p. 18.
150.Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism, p. 430.
151.Ibid., p. 422.
152.Miller, Bare-Faced Messiah, p. 348. There was a particularly
feared phenomenon on the E-Meter called a "Rock Slam," when the needle
wavered violently, apparently indicating a discreditable thought.
"Rock Slams" almost inevitably led to long periods of incarceration in
an RPF.
153.Atack, A Piece of Blue Sky, p. 173. The results of this decision
were sometimes ridiculous. For instance, at Saint Hill (Hubbard's
Scientology center in England), a local caterer was put into a
condition of Liability for running out of apple pie. When he failed to
apply the Liability Formula, he was declared Suppressive, which meant
that Scientologists could not communicate with him, let alone buy his
replenished stocks of apple pie.
154.Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism, p. 430.
155.Ibid., p. 430.
156.Ibid., p. 394.
157.Atack, A Piece of Blue Sky, p. 173. The milder non-Sea Org
penalties required that the offender "Must wear old clothes. May not
bathe. No lunch hour is given and such persons are expected not to
leave the premises. Lowest pay with no bonuses."
158.Ibid., p. 180.
159.Ibid., p. 180.
160.Miller, Bare-Faced Messiah, p. 292.
161.Atack, A Piece of Blue Sky, p. 181.
162.Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism, p. 427.
163.Atack, The Total Freedom Trap, p. 17.
164.Miller, Bare-Faced Messiah, p. 321.
165.Ibid., p. 321.
166.Corydon, Messiah or Madman?, p. 442.
167.Atack, A Piece of Blue Sky, p. 206. The RPF rapidly swelled to
include anyone who had incurred Hubbard's disfavor. "If the cook
burned Hubbard's food-RPF. If a messenger complained about someone-
RPF."
168.Ibid., p. 206. From the affidavit of Gerald Armstrong, March 1986.
169.Atack, The Total Freedom Trap, p. 17. Many Scientologists work for
the organization, doing various jobs. Typically, pay is pitifully low.
170.Ibid., p. 17. Only when RPF members accept the authority of their
superiors are they allowed to leave the RPF, which can take up to two
years to complete.
171.Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism, p. 437.
172.Ibid., p. 380.
173.Ibid., p. 370. A case in point here is Hitler's Röhm purge of
1934, when high level Nazi official Ernst Röhm and his colleagues were
killed for having a differing opinion regarding the direction of the
Nazi regime.
174.Ibid., p. 392.
175.Ibid., p. 438.
176.Ibid., p. 363.
177.Ibid., p. 385.


Source List



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Hubbard Exposed, New York: Carol, 1990.

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Copyright (c) 1999 Laura Kay Fuller.